Several types of DSS

1. Management information.

2. Decision support

3. Other information systems

Business intelligent application

·         Decision support system
·         Knowledge management system
·         Management information system
·         Online analytic processing
·          Data mining

Decision support system

Decision Support System components

Other example of DSS component,

Management Information

Produces information products that support many of the day-to-day decision for managers to manage themselves efficiently and effectively.

Management Information System Reporting alternative

    ü  Periodic Scheduled Reports

            – Pre-specified format on a regular basis

    ü  Exception Reports

              – Reports about exceptional conditions

              – May be produced regularly or when exception occurs

    ü  Demand Reports and Responses

             – Information available when demanded

    ü  Push Reporting

            – Information pushed to manager

 Management Information Components

Other example of management information component

The differences of DSS and MIS

	Decision Support System	Management Information System
Decision support provided	Provide information and techniques to analyze specific problems	Provide information about the performance of the organization
Information form and frequency	Interactive inquiries  and responses	Periodic, exception, demand, push reports and responses
Information processing methodology	Information produced by analytical modeling of business data	Information produced by extraction and manipulation of business data
Information format	Ad hoc, flexible, and adaptable format	fixed format

Online analytical processing

computer processing that enables a user to easily and selectively extract and view data from different points of view. 

Examples of Online analytic Processing

As we can see, the OLAP is very helpful for a manager to check and manipulate infinity and various of amount of detailed, as well consolidated data from different aspect. Generally, OLAP consists of three basic analytical operations that could help the management process, this table below shown respectively the medium of OLAP analytic operation.

a.    Aggregation of data: For example all sales offices are unite as one to the sales department or sales division to anticipate sales trends.

b.    Detail data that comprise consolidate data:For example, users can view the sales by individual products that make up a region’s sales

c.    Database was able to look from different viewpoint: For instance feature whereby users can take out (slicing) a specific set of data of the OLAP cube and view (dicing) the slices from different viewpoints.

How To use OLAP efficiently

As we can see, OLAP allows decision makers such as executives to intuitively, quickly, and flexibly manipulate operational data using familiar business terms, in order to provide analytical insight. For example, by using an OLAP system, users can slice and dice information along a customer dimension and view business metrics by product and through time. So this is several criteria for achieving highly effective enterprise OLAP system.

•   Fast Response Time : When analyzing data, most users tend to have less tolerance for slow response. Long or unpredictable response time makes analysis tedious, resulting users simply choose not to explore data any longer. Therefore, fast response time, less than or equal to five seconds on average, is very important.
•   Data Volume Requirements : The OLAP solution must be able to efficiently handle large volumes of data without slowing down user response time. A minimum of 10 million rows of input data is typically required for meaningful OLAP data exploration and analysis. It should provide right data to the right users at right time.
•   Wide Application Reach: When users can easily share business insights with other users, it can accelerate alignment around organization's goals. Typically, it should have a minimum of 500 users inside organization and beyond. And the OLAP solution must tailor to the full range of all user needs, providing the right level of functionality, the most appropriate user interface, and the most effective deployment options to its different users.

What is Geographic Information Systems

GIS is stand for Geographic Information Systems which we can define it as a  business information management system that help us to capture, analyze and present special information on map. GIS allow us to make a better decision using geography.

What GIS can do for you?

Every day millions of decision powered by GIS, for instance the retailer use GIS to point out the best new store and stock item match to local item needs.

Resulting pattern and trend and then been seen in digital map, is much more easier than seeing data on sheet of paper.

How does GIS work?

GIS software run on the computer, ranging for the most powerful server to software in GIS information about the real world is store of collection of layer link by geography each layer contains a similar features such as street, river. People command analyze geography data using GIS tools and visualize geography data as map, graph or chart. Pattern and trend easily be identifying so the information that previously on sheet now come alive.

Data Mining

Generally, data mining is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information. The information usually tends to be used to increase revenue, cuts costs, or both.

Data mining software is one of a number of analytical tools for analyzing data. It allows users to analyze data from many different dimensions or angles, categorize it, and summarize the relationships identified. Technically, data mining is the process of finding correlations or patterns among dozens of fields in large relational databases.

Executive Information Systems

Executive Information Systems may help executives make faster and higher quality decisions, an increasingly important requirement for executives given such trends as globalization and heightened competition. Nowadays, EIS is not only in typical corporate hierarchies, but also at personal computers on a local area network

EIS providing easy access to important data needed to achieve strategic goals in an organization. An EIS normally features graphical displays on an easy-to-use interface.
Executive information systems can be used in many different types of organizations to monitor enterprise performance as well as to identify opportunities and problems.

Component of Executive Information System Software

 What is Artificial Intellegence?

Artificial intelligence was develop the computers to stimulate ability to thinks, see, hear, walk, talk and fell as well. Artificial intelligence was divided into three sections, which is:

1. Cognitive science application:

- Expert system

- Learning system

- Fuzzy Logic

- Genetic  Algorithms

- Nueral Network

- Intellegent  Agent

2. Robotics Application:

            - Visual Perception

            - Tactility

            - Dexterity

            - Locomotion

            - Navigation

3. Natural Interface Application:

            - Natural Language

            - Speech Recognition

            - Multisensory Interface

            - Virtual reality

The attribution that we get from intelligence behavior is :

1.    We can think the problem and the reason

2.    We can use the reason to provide the way how to solve the problem.

3.    We can learn how to solve a problem by revising the past experience.

4.    The problem to be solve must acquire the knowledge and apply the knowledge.

5.    We can develop the creativity and get a clearer imagination.

6.    It can prepare us to deal with the complexity and perplexing situation.

7.    We can quickly response to the problem and face the new situation.

8.    Can avoid the ambiguous or erroneous situation.

Experts System.

Here is the table that describe how the expert system has been working all this while :

In the expert system, we have a knowledge engineering. Knowledge engineering means we are work with expert to capture the knowledge that they have possessed. In this case, they will use facts and rules of thumb to solve the problem. In this system,first of all, they will build the knowledge base. In addition, this expert system seems like similar with role system analysts.

            The method is how the knowledge representing is by 4 ways. The first way is case based. The case based means we build the knowledge from the past experience. The second way is frame based which is collection of knowledge about the entity. The third way is object based. The object based require the data element include the both data and method or a processes that will act on those data. The last method is rule-based. The ruled based need factual statement in the form of the premise  and a conclusion.

The benefits that we gains from this experts system we can capture human experience in a computer based that we build by our own experience and justification. But there are several limitation of this expert system :

• Limited focus.

• Inability to learn.

• Maintenance problems.

• Development cost.

• Can only solve specific types of problem in a limited domain of knowledge.

Neural Network.

Neural network is a modeled after the brain’s mesh-like network of interconnected processing elements (neurons). It shows the interconnected processors operate in parallel and interact with each other. Besides that it also allows the network to learn from the data it processes.

 Fuzzy Logic

• A method of reasoning that resembles human reasoning, in that it allows for approximate

values and inferences and incomplete or ambiguous data.

Genetic Algorithms

There is genetic algorithm software. This genetic algorithms was use Darwinian, randomizing, and other mathematical functions. It helps simulates an evolutionary process, yielding increasingly better solutions to a problem. Besides that, it used to model a variety of scientific, technical, and business processes. This genetic algorithms is more  useful when thousands of solutions are possible.

Virtual Reality (VR)

Virtual reality is a computer-simulated reality.it was fast-growing area of artificial intelligence. The virtual reality originated from efforts to build natural, realistic, multi-sensory human-computer interfaces. It is relies on multi-sensory input/output devices to creates a three-dimensional world through sight, sound, and touch. At the same time, telepresence need using VR to perform a task in a different location.